A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement

Jing Liu; Yuan-Ting Zhang; Xiao-Rong Ding; Wen-Xuan Dai; Ni Zhao

doi:10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement

Jing Liu, Yuan-Ting Zhang, Xiao-Rong Ding, Wen-Xuan Dai, Ni Zhao^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

32 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Pulse transit time (PTT) has been widely studied as an index of blood pressure (BP) changes. In recent years, some prototypes of PTT-based wearable BP measurement devices have been developed, which can relieve users from the discomfort caused by the inflating cuff used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, in the common practice for PTT detection, multi-site sensor implementation on human body is required, making it difficult for the integration of wearable devices. Since multi-wavelength (MW) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals carry blood pulsation information of different blood vessels embedded in different skin depths, the time difference between different wavelength PPG signals collected at the same body site can be treated as a special PTT on a short length of blood vessels beneath the skin. In this work, the time difference between MW PPG, denoted as PTT_MW, was explored to track BP changes as a substitute of infrared (IR) PTT_EP. (PTT_EP is the time interval between electrocardiogram (ECG) and IR PPG.) Ten healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their continuous BP, ECG and fingertip MW PPG signals generated from blue, green, yellow and IR light were recorded after 2-minute static handgrip exercise at 33% maximal voluntary contraction. The results showed that the correlation between Systolic BP (SBP) and IR-Blue PTT_MW (|r|= 0.52) was comparable to the correlation between SBP and IR PTT_EP (|r|= 0.59). Moreover, we optimized the wavelength combination of PTT_MWs for each subject and found the average value of optimal correlation between SBP and PTT_MW reached 0.76, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the correlation between IR PTT_EP and SBP. This study reveals that the time difference between MW PPG can be potentially used as PTT for cuffless BP measurement with its unique advantage in simple sensor implementation at only one body site.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	615-618
ISBN (Electronic)	9781457702204
ISBN (Print)	9781457702198
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777
Publication status	Published - Aug 2016
Externally published	Yes
Event	38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016) - Disney's Contemporary Resort, Orlando, United States Duration: 16 Aug 2016 → 20 Aug 2016 https://embc.embs.org/2016/ https://embc.embs.org/2016/

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS
Volume	2016
ISSN (Print)	1557-170X
ISSN (Electronic)	1558-4615

Conference

Conference	38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016)
Abbreviated title	EMBC'16
Place	United States
City	Orlando
Period	16/08/16 → 20/08/16
Internet address	https://embc.embs.org/2016/ https://embc.embs.org/2016/

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10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

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Liu, J., Zhang, Y.-T., Ding, X.-R., Dai, W.-X., & Zhao, N. (2016). A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement. In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 615-618). Article 7590777 (Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS; Vol. 2016). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

Liu, Jing ; Zhang, Yuan-Ting ; Ding, Xiao-Rong et al. / A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement. 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. pp. 615-618 (Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS).

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title = "A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement",

abstract = "Pulse transit time (PTT) has been widely studied as an index of blood pressure (BP) changes. In recent years, some prototypes of PTT-based wearable BP measurement devices have been developed, which can relieve users from the discomfort caused by the inflating cuff used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, in the common practice for PTT detection, multi-site sensor implementation on human body is required, making it difficult for the integration of wearable devices. Since multi-wavelength (MW) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals carry blood pulsation information of different blood vessels embedded in different skin depths, the time difference between different wavelength PPG signals collected at the same body site can be treated as a special PTT on a short length of blood vessels beneath the skin. In this work, the time difference between MW PPG, denoted as PTT_MW, was explored to track BP changes as a substitute of infrared (IR) PTT_EP. (PTT_EP is the time interval between electrocardiogram (ECG) and IR PPG.) Ten healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their continuous BP, ECG and fingertip MW PPG signals generated from blue, green, yellow and IR light were recorded after 2-minute static handgrip exercise at 33% maximal voluntary contraction. The results showed that the correlation between Systolic BP (SBP) and IR-Blue PTT_MW (|r|= 0.52) was comparable to the correlation between SBP and IR PTT_EP (|r|= 0.59). Moreover, we optimized the wavelength combination of PTT_MWs for each subject and found the average value of optimal correlation between SBP and PTT_MW reached 0.76, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the correlation between IR PTT_EP and SBP. This study reveals that the time difference between MW PPG can be potentially used as PTT for cuffless BP measurement with its unique advantage in simple sensor implementation at only one body site.",

author = "Jing Liu and Yuan-Ting Zhang and Xiao-Rong Ding and Wen-Xuan Dai and Ni Zhao",

year = "2016",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777",

language = "English",

isbn = "9781457702198",

series = "Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS",

publisher = "IEEE",

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booktitle = "2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)",

address = "United States",

note = "38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016), EMBC'16 ; Conference date: 16-08-2016 Through 20-08-2016",

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Liu, J, Zhang, Y-T, Ding, X-R, Dai, W-X & Zhao, N 2016, A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement. in 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)., 7590777, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS, vol. 2016, IEEE, pp. 615-618, 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016), Orlando, United States, 16/08/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement. / Liu, Jing; Zhang, Yuan-Ting; Ding, Xiao-Rong et al.
2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. p. 615-618 7590777 (Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS; Vol. 2016).

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement

AU - Liu, Jing

AU - Zhang, Yuan-Ting

AU - Ding, Xiao-Rong

AU - Dai, Wen-Xuan

AU - Zhao, Ni

PY - 2016/8

Y1 - 2016/8

N2 - Pulse transit time (PTT) has been widely studied as an index of blood pressure (BP) changes. In recent years, some prototypes of PTT-based wearable BP measurement devices have been developed, which can relieve users from the discomfort caused by the inflating cuff used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, in the common practice for PTT detection, multi-site sensor implementation on human body is required, making it difficult for the integration of wearable devices. Since multi-wavelength (MW) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals carry blood pulsation information of different blood vessels embedded in different skin depths, the time difference between different wavelength PPG signals collected at the same body site can be treated as a special PTT on a short length of blood vessels beneath the skin. In this work, the time difference between MW PPG, denoted as PTT_MW, was explored to track BP changes as a substitute of infrared (IR) PTT_EP. (PTT_EP is the time interval between electrocardiogram (ECG) and IR PPG.) Ten healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their continuous BP, ECG and fingertip MW PPG signals generated from blue, green, yellow and IR light were recorded after 2-minute static handgrip exercise at 33% maximal voluntary contraction. The results showed that the correlation between Systolic BP (SBP) and IR-Blue PTT_MW (|r|= 0.52) was comparable to the correlation between SBP and IR PTT_EP (|r|= 0.59). Moreover, we optimized the wavelength combination of PTT_MWs for each subject and found the average value of optimal correlation between SBP and PTT_MW reached 0.76, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the correlation between IR PTT_EP and SBP. This study reveals that the time difference between MW PPG can be potentially used as PTT for cuffless BP measurement with its unique advantage in simple sensor implementation at only one body site.

AB - Pulse transit time (PTT) has been widely studied as an index of blood pressure (BP) changes. In recent years, some prototypes of PTT-based wearable BP measurement devices have been developed, which can relieve users from the discomfort caused by the inflating cuff used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, in the common practice for PTT detection, multi-site sensor implementation on human body is required, making it difficult for the integration of wearable devices. Since multi-wavelength (MW) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals carry blood pulsation information of different blood vessels embedded in different skin depths, the time difference between different wavelength PPG signals collected at the same body site can be treated as a special PTT on a short length of blood vessels beneath the skin. In this work, the time difference between MW PPG, denoted as PTT_MW, was explored to track BP changes as a substitute of infrared (IR) PTT_EP. (PTT_EP is the time interval between electrocardiogram (ECG) and IR PPG.) Ten healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their continuous BP, ECG and fingertip MW PPG signals generated from blue, green, yellow and IR light were recorded after 2-minute static handgrip exercise at 33% maximal voluntary contraction. The results showed that the correlation between Systolic BP (SBP) and IR-Blue PTT_MW (|r|= 0.52) was comparable to the correlation between SBP and IR PTT_EP (|r|= 0.59). Moreover, we optimized the wavelength combination of PTT_MWs for each subject and found the average value of optimal correlation between SBP and PTT_MW reached 0.76, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the correlation between IR PTT_EP and SBP. This study reveals that the time difference between MW PPG can be potentially used as PTT for cuffless BP measurement with its unique advantage in simple sensor implementation at only one body site.

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DO - 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

M3 - RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication)

C2 - 28324936

SN - 9781457702198

T3 - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS

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BT - 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016)

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ER -

Liu J, Zhang YT, Ding XR, Dai WX, Zhao N. A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement. In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE. 2016. p. 615-618. 7590777. (Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS). doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590777

A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement

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