A Planar, Wideband and Compact Hadamard Matrix for 2-D Switched Beam Antenna Array

Yufei Pan; Zizhen Xu; Ye Yang; Xin Dai; Wanjun Yang; Shaoyong Zheng

doi:10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457

A Planar, Wideband and Compact Hadamard Matrix for 2-D Switched Beam Antenna Array

Yufei Pan, Zizhen Xu, Ye Yang^*, Xin Dai, Wanjun Yang, Shaoyong Zheng

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

Abstract

This letter proposes a wideband two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam antenna array with single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. A planar and compact 4-order Hadamard matrix (HM) without any intersection structure works as its feeding network. The HM provides four groups of output signals with equal amplitudes and coded 0° /180° phase differences between adjacent outputs. It adopts four universal building blocks arranged planarly, each of them is realized by a 3-dB wideband quadrature coupler cascading with a 90 8 phase shifter. For demonstration, a HM prototype operating at 2.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Its overall circuit size is 0.67 × 1.34 λg ² and bandwidth is larger than 47.6%. Finally, a wideband 2-D switched beam antenna array is constructed by the proposed HM and magnetoelectric dipole antenna array. The 2-D single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams verify its effectiveness.

© 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

Original language	English
Journal	IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457
Publication status	Online published - 18 Apr 2025

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62301175, and in part by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City under Grant 2024A04J3519.

Research Keywords

Direction of arrival (DOA)
Hadamard matrix (HM)
planar and compact
two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam
wideband

Access Output

10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457

Other Access Options

Check CityUHK Library

Permanent Link

Right click to copy link

Cite this

@article{729f3d287aac490faa5ab1c3ac192c1a,

title = "A Planar, Wideband and Compact Hadamard Matrix for 2-D Switched Beam Antenna Array",

abstract = "This letter proposes a wideband two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam antenna array with single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. A planar and compact 4-order Hadamard matrix (HM) without any intersection structure works as its feeding network. The HM provides four groups of output signals with equal amplitudes and coded 0° /180° phase differences between adjacent outputs. It adopts four universal building blocks arranged planarly, each of them is realized by a 3-dB wideband quadrature coupler cascading with a 90 8 phase shifter. For demonstration, a HM prototype operating at 2.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Its overall circuit size is 0.67 × 1.34 λg 2 and bandwidth is larger than 47.6%. Finally, a wideband 2-D switched beam antenna array is constructed by the proposed HM and magnetoelectric dipole antenna array. The 2-D single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams verify its effectiveness. {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.",

keywords = "Direction of arrival (DOA), Hadamard matrix (HM), planar and compact, two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam, wideband",

author = "Yufei Pan and Zizhen Xu and Ye Yang and Xin Dai and Wanjun Yang and Shaoyong Zheng",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457",

language = "English",

journal = "IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters",

issn = "1536-1225",

publisher = "IEEE",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Planar, Wideband and Compact Hadamard Matrix for 2-D Switched Beam Antenna Array

AU - Pan, Yufei

AU - Xu, Zizhen

AU - Yang, Ye

AU - Dai, Xin

AU - Yang, Wanjun

AU - Zheng, Shaoyong

PY - 2025/4/18

Y1 - 2025/4/18

N2 - This letter proposes a wideband two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam antenna array with single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. A planar and compact 4-order Hadamard matrix (HM) without any intersection structure works as its feeding network. The HM provides four groups of output signals with equal amplitudes and coded 0° /180° phase differences between adjacent outputs. It adopts four universal building blocks arranged planarly, each of them is realized by a 3-dB wideband quadrature coupler cascading with a 90 8 phase shifter. For demonstration, a HM prototype operating at 2.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Its overall circuit size is 0.67 × 1.34 λg 2 and bandwidth is larger than 47.6%. Finally, a wideband 2-D switched beam antenna array is constructed by the proposed HM and magnetoelectric dipole antenna array. The 2-D single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams verify its effectiveness. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

AB - This letter proposes a wideband two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam antenna array with single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. A planar and compact 4-order Hadamard matrix (HM) without any intersection structure works as its feeding network. The HM provides four groups of output signals with equal amplitudes and coded 0° /180° phase differences between adjacent outputs. It adopts four universal building blocks arranged planarly, each of them is realized by a 3-dB wideband quadrature coupler cascading with a 90 8 phase shifter. For demonstration, a HM prototype operating at 2.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Its overall circuit size is 0.67 × 1.34 λg 2 and bandwidth is larger than 47.6%. Finally, a wideband 2-D switched beam antenna array is constructed by the proposed HM and magnetoelectric dipole antenna array. The 2-D single/dual/quad-lobed switched beams verify its effectiveness. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

KW - Direction of arrival (DOA)

KW - Hadamard matrix (HM)

KW - planar and compact

KW - two-dimensional (2-D) switched beam

KW - wideband

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105003185282&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003185282&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457

DO - 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3560457

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 1536-1225

JO - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

JF - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

ER -

A Planar, Wideband and Compact Hadamard Matrix for 2-D Switched Beam Antenna Array

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

Access Output

Other Access Options

Permanent Link

Other Files and Links

Fingerprint

Cite this