A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications

Chentao Du; Ting Xiang; Guangyao Zhao; Mengkang Deng; Zijun Liu; Zexu Yang; Jiayuan Fang; Ningxu Yuan; Siyuan Zhou; Jian Li; Nan Ji; Jing-Song Ou; Alberto Avolio; Xinge Yu; Yuan-Ting Zhang; Tingrui Pan

doi:10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327

A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications

Chentao Du (Co-first Author), Ting Xiang (Co-first Author), Guangyao Zhao (Co-first Author), Mengkang Deng (Co-first Author), Zijun Liu, Zexu Yang, Jiayuan Fang, Ningxu Yuan, Siyuan Zhou, Jian Li, Nan Ji, Jing-Song Ou, Alberto Avolio, Xinge Yu^*, Yuan-Ting Zhang^*, Tingrui Pan^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading global cause of death, highlights the critical need for effective blood pressure management. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, compared with invasive methods, enables home-based and long-term use, supporting early detection and continuous care. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including accuracy issues, insufficient validation in real-world settings, limited application-specific sensor designs, and inadequate calibration standards and validation platforms. These gaps call for a systematic review to clarify the unmet needs and future research directions. This article reviews current advances in four key areas: (1) novel NIBP estimation principles designed to minimize user intervention; (2) flexible and wearable electronics that improve accuracy and comfort; (3) integration with theranostic applications and broader healthcare scenarios enabled by NIBP technologies; (4) calibration and validation strategies that enhance reliability and accuracy. With the rapid growth of home healthcare and AI-enabled wearable systems, addressing these challenges is essential to advance personalized, precise and stable cardiovascular medicine.

© 2026 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining, and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

Original language	English
Number of pages	25
Journal	IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
Online published	3 Feb 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327
Publication status	Online published - 3 Feb 2026

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB3805804, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62401536, Grant 82495171, and Grant 92268202, in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFA0805100, and in part by the ITC-InnoHK grant to the Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Research Keywords

Monitoring
Biomedical monitoring
Arteries
Accuracy
Standards
Reliability
Blood pressure
Sensors
Clamps
Real-time systems
Cardiovascular disease
non-invasive blood pressure monitoring
calibration methodologies
wearable device

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10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327

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Du, C., Xiang, T., Zhao, G., Deng, M., Liu, Z., Yang, Z., Fang, J., Yuan, N., Zhou, S., Li, J., Ji, N., Ou, J.-S., Avolio, A., Yu, X., Zhang, Y.-T., & Pan, T. (2026). A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327

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title = "A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications",

abstract = "Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading global cause of death, highlights the critical need for effective blood pressure management. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, compared with invasive methods, enables home-based and long-term use, supporting early detection and continuous care. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including accuracy issues, insufficient validation in real-world settings, limited application-specific sensor designs, and inadequate calibration standards and validation platforms. These gaps call for a systematic review to clarify the unmet needs and future research directions. This article reviews current advances in four key areas: (1) novel NIBP estimation principles designed to minimize user intervention; (2) flexible and wearable electronics that improve accuracy and comfort; (3) integration with theranostic applications and broader healthcare scenarios enabled by NIBP technologies; (4) calibration and validation strategies that enhance reliability and accuracy. With the rapid growth of home healthcare and AI-enabled wearable systems, addressing these challenges is essential to advance personalized, precise and stable cardiovascular medicine.{\textcopyright} 2026 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining, and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.",

keywords = "Monitoring, Biomedical monitoring, Arteries, Accuracy, Standards, Reliability, Blood pressure, Sensors, Clamps, Real-time systems, Cardiovascular disease, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, calibration methodologies, wearable device",

author = "Chentao Du and Ting Xiang and Guangyao Zhao and Mengkang Deng and Zijun Liu and Zexu Yang and Jiayuan Fang and Ningxu Yuan and Siyuan Zhou and Jian Li and Nan Ji and Jing-Song Ou and Alberto Avolio and Xinge Yu and Yuan-Ting Zhang and Tingrui Pan",

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A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications. / Du, Chentao (Co-first Author); Xiang, Ting (Co-first Author); Zhao, Guangyao (Co-first Author) et al.
In: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 03.02.2026.

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring

T2 - Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications

AU - Du, Chentao

AU - Xiang, Ting

AU - Zhao, Guangyao

AU - Deng, Mengkang

AU - Liu, Zijun

AU - Yang, Zexu

AU - Fang, Jiayuan

AU - Yuan, Ningxu

AU - Zhou, Siyuan

AU - Li, Jian

AU - Ji, Nan

AU - Ou, Jing-Song

AU - Avolio, Alberto

AU - Yu, Xinge

AU - Zhang, Yuan-Ting

AU - Pan, Tingrui

PY - 2026/2/3

Y1 - 2026/2/3

N2 - Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading global cause of death, highlights the critical need for effective blood pressure management. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, compared with invasive methods, enables home-based and long-term use, supporting early detection and continuous care. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including accuracy issues, insufficient validation in real-world settings, limited application-specific sensor designs, and inadequate calibration standards and validation platforms. These gaps call for a systematic review to clarify the unmet needs and future research directions. This article reviews current advances in four key areas: (1) novel NIBP estimation principles designed to minimize user intervention; (2) flexible and wearable electronics that improve accuracy and comfort; (3) integration with theranostic applications and broader healthcare scenarios enabled by NIBP technologies; (4) calibration and validation strategies that enhance reliability and accuracy. With the rapid growth of home healthcare and AI-enabled wearable systems, addressing these challenges is essential to advance personalized, precise and stable cardiovascular medicine.© 2026 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining, and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading global cause of death, highlights the critical need for effective blood pressure management. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, compared with invasive methods, enables home-based and long-term use, supporting early detection and continuous care. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including accuracy issues, insufficient validation in real-world settings, limited application-specific sensor designs, and inadequate calibration standards and validation platforms. These gaps call for a systematic review to clarify the unmet needs and future research directions. This article reviews current advances in four key areas: (1) novel NIBP estimation principles designed to minimize user intervention; (2) flexible and wearable electronics that improve accuracy and comfort; (3) integration with theranostic applications and broader healthcare scenarios enabled by NIBP technologies; (4) calibration and validation strategies that enhance reliability and accuracy. With the rapid growth of home healthcare and AI-enabled wearable systems, addressing these challenges is essential to advance personalized, precise and stable cardiovascular medicine.© 2026 IEEE. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining, and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

KW - Monitoring

KW - Biomedical monitoring

KW - Arteries

KW - Accuracy

KW - Standards

KW - Reliability

KW - Blood pressure

KW - Sensors

KW - Clamps

KW - Real-time systems

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - non-invasive blood pressure monitoring

KW - calibration methodologies

KW - wearable device

UR - https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001682770300001

U2 - 10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327

DO - 10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 1937-3333

JO - IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering

JF - IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering

ER -

A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Research Keywords

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