A Methodology for Integrated Ladder Filter Design

The design procedures for integrated ladder filter design by operational simulation are regularized in terms of matrix operations. This provides a systematic framework for the derivation of standard circuits, such as leapfrog and coupled-biquad, as well as several novel structures. Each circuit is now seen to belong to a certain family, dependent on the type of matrix factorization employed. A detailed comparison of the properties of the different structures is undertaken for a range of filter specifications, demonstrating that ladder filters offer good solutions to several hitherto difficult filtering problems. The methods are applicable to all active filter technologies including active- RC and switched capacitor (SC). © 1991 IEEE