A High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion-Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

Kun Zhang; Wei Liu; Yuliang Gao; Xiaowei Wang; Zhongxin Chen; Ruiqi Ning; Wei Yu; Runlai Li; Li Li; Xing Li; Kai Yuan; Li Ma; Nan Li; Chao Shen; Wei Huang; Keyu Xie; Kian Ping Loh

doi:10.1002/adma.202006323

A High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion-Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

Kun Zhang, Wei Liu, Yuliang Gao, Xiaowei Wang, Zhongxin Chen, Ruiqi Ning, Wei Yu, Runlai Li, Li Li, Xing Li, Kai Yuan, Li Ma, Nan Li, Chao Shen, Wei Huang, Keyu Xie^*, Kian Ping Loh^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

107 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Lithium metal is the “holy grail” of anodes, capable of unlocking the full potential of cathodes in next-generation batteries. However, the use of pure lithium anodes faces several challenges in terms of safety, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, a solution-processable conjugated microporous thermosetting polymer (CMP) is developed. The CMP can be further converted into a large-scale membrane with nanofluidic channels (5–6 Å). These channels can serve as facile and selective Li-ion diffusion pathways on the surfaces of lithium anodes, thereby ensuring stable lithium stripping/plating even at high areal current densities. CMP-modified lithium anodes (CMP-Li) exhibit cycle stability of 2550 h at an areal current density of 20 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, CMP is readily amenable to solution-processing and spray coating, rendering it highly applicable to continuous roll-to-roll lithium metal treatment processes. Pouch cells with CMP-Li as the anode and LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) as the cathode exhibits a stable energy density of 400 Wh kg⁻¹. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Original language	English
Article number	2006323
Journal	Advanced Materials
Volume	33
Issue number	5
Online published	16 Dec 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006323
Publication status	Published - 4 Feb 2021
Externally published	Yes

Funding

K.X. acknowledges the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52034011, 51804259, and 51974256), the Outstanding Young Scholars of Shaanxi (2019JC-12), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20GH020137 and 3102019JC005). K.P.L. acknowledges NRF-CRP grant “Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework: Synthesis and Applications,” grant number NRF-CRP16-2015-02, funded by National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore. K. Zhang was supported by the China Scholarship Council for a two-year study at National University of Singapore. All data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Research Keywords

conjugated microporous polymers
energy density
lithium metal batteries
nanofluidic transport

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Zhang, K., Liu, W., Gao, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Ning, R., Yu, W., Li, R., Li, L., Li, X., Yuan, K., Ma, L., Li, N., Shen, C., Huang, W., Xie, K., & Loh, K. P. (2021). A High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion-Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer. Advanced Materials, 33(5), Article 2006323. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006323

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abstract = "Lithium metal is the “holy grail” of anodes, capable of unlocking the full potential of cathodes in next-generation batteries. However, the use of pure lithium anodes faces several challenges in terms of safety, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, a solution-processable conjugated microporous thermosetting polymer (CMP) is developed. The CMP can be further converted into a large-scale membrane with nanofluidic channels (5–6 {\AA}). These channels can serve as facile and selective Li-ion diffusion pathways on the surfaces of lithium anodes, thereby ensuring stable lithium stripping/plating even at high areal current densities. CMP-modified lithium anodes (CMP-Li) exhibit cycle stability of 2550 h at an areal current density of 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, CMP is readily amenable to solution-processing and spray coating, rendering it highly applicable to continuous roll-to-roll lithium metal treatment processes. Pouch cells with CMP-Li as the anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) as the cathode exhibits a stable energy density of 400 Wh kg−1. {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

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AB - Lithium metal is the “holy grail” of anodes, capable of unlocking the full potential of cathodes in next-generation batteries. However, the use of pure lithium anodes faces several challenges in terms of safety, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, a solution-processable conjugated microporous thermosetting polymer (CMP) is developed. The CMP can be further converted into a large-scale membrane with nanofluidic channels (5–6 Å). These channels can serve as facile and selective Li-ion diffusion pathways on the surfaces of lithium anodes, thereby ensuring stable lithium stripping/plating even at high areal current densities. CMP-modified lithium anodes (CMP-Li) exhibit cycle stability of 2550 h at an areal current density of 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, CMP is readily amenable to solution-processing and spray coating, rendering it highly applicable to continuous roll-to-roll lithium metal treatment processes. Pouch cells with CMP-Li as the anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) as the cathode exhibits a stable energy density of 400 Wh kg−1. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

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A High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion-Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

Abstract

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Research Keywords

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