TY - JOUR
T1 - A General and Efficient Framework for the Rapid Design of Miniaturized, Wideband, and High-Bit RIS
AU - Zhang, Jun Wei
AU - Wang, Zheng Xing
AU - Cao, Wanwan
AU - Qi, Zhen Jie
AU - Wu, Li Jie
AU - Yang, Han Qing
AU - Zhou, Qun Yan
AU - Wang, Si Ran
AU - Li, Hui Dong
AU - Dai, Jun Yan
AU - Luo, Jiang
AU - Wu, Jun Wei
AU - Zhang, Jia Nan
AU - Zhang, Zhen
AU - Cheng, Qiang
PY - 2025/9/15
Y1 - 2025/9/15
N2 - High-performance reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are growing in significance for practical applications. However, current design methods typically accommodate one or two properties of RISs, and reliance on time-consuming and burdensome full-wave simulations slows down design efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we propose a general and efficient framework for the rapid design of high-performance RISs. It integrates advanced antenna design techniques and incorporates various load types, quantities, and values to achieve the design of high-performance RISs. To boost efficiency, the framework leverages a multi-port network model to quickly obtain the electromagnetic (EM) responses of RIS units with various loads and employs the genetic algorithm for fast optimization of desired units. For validation, we designed a miniaturized, wideband, and high-bit RIS unit using this framework. It achieves 4-bit phase modulation, 23% relative bandwidth and a λ/5 size. A RIS prototype with a size of 20x10 was designed, simulated, and measured based on this unit. All results are in good agreement, demonstrating effective beam scanning from -50° to 50°. The entire design process takes only 1.2 hours and one full-wave EM simulation. This framework enables rapid high-performance RISs design, facilitating their large-scale applications in communication and radar systems. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
AB - High-performance reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are growing in significance for practical applications. However, current design methods typically accommodate one or two properties of RISs, and reliance on time-consuming and burdensome full-wave simulations slows down design efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we propose a general and efficient framework for the rapid design of high-performance RISs. It integrates advanced antenna design techniques and incorporates various load types, quantities, and values to achieve the design of high-performance RISs. To boost efficiency, the framework leverages a multi-port network model to quickly obtain the electromagnetic (EM) responses of RIS units with various loads and employs the genetic algorithm for fast optimization of desired units. For validation, we designed a miniaturized, wideband, and high-bit RIS unit using this framework. It achieves 4-bit phase modulation, 23% relative bandwidth and a λ/5 size. A RIS prototype with a size of 20x10 was designed, simulated, and measured based on this unit. All results are in good agreement, demonstrating effective beam scanning from -50° to 50°. The entire design process takes only 1.2 hours and one full-wave EM simulation. This framework enables rapid high-performance RISs design, facilitating their large-scale applications in communication and radar systems. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
KW - high-bit
KW - miniaturized
KW - multi-port network model
KW - RIS design framework
UR - https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001571780100001
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105016119269&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105016119269&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1002/aelm.202500446
DO - 10.1002/aelm.202500446
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 2199-160X
JO - Advanced Electronic Materials
JF - Advanced Electronic Materials
M1 - e00446
ER -