5 at.%-vanadium hybriding enables silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency and low internal stress

Jiangpeng Shang; Siqi Ma; Longtao Zhang; Zhongqiu Tong; Jie Yu; Yingjun Xiao; Shaoyuan Li; Fengshuo Xi; Wenhui Ma

doi:10.26599/NR.2025.94908310

5 at.%-vanadium hybriding enables silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency and low internal stress

Jiangpeng Shang (Co-first Author), Siqi Ma (Co-first Author), Longtao Zhang, Zhongqiu Tong^*, Jie Yu, Yingjun Xiao^*, Shaoyuan Li, Fengshuo Xi, Wenhui Ma^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

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Abstract

Silicon anodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, unsatisfied initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and structure collapse are two barriers still hindering their application. Here, we report a 5 at.%-vanadium hybriding strategy to stabilize Si film anode, which delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.1% with a discharge capacity of 2434.9 mAh·g⁻¹ and a desirable capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at 1 A·g⁻¹. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrate the Li_xPO_yF_z-rich inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the low film internal strain are two advantageous factors for the desirable Li-ion storage reversibility and stability. A full battery with a LiFePO₄cathode delivers the energy densities of 291.9 and 194.6 Wh·kg⁻¹under power densities of 145.9 and 389.2 W·kg⁻¹, respectively. This result on Si anodes may pave the way to next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Original language	English
Article number	94908310
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nano Research
Volume	19
Issue number	2
Online published	29 Jan 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94908310
Publication status	Published - Feb 2026

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22469010 and U24A2063), Yunnan Province Natural Science Fund (Nos. 202501AT070331 and 202301AT070151), and Yunnan Xingdian Young Talent Project (No. KKXX202452039).

Research Keywords

Si anode
hybriding
initial Coulombic efficiency
internal stress

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title = "5 at.%-vanadium hybriding enables silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency and low internal stress",

abstract = "Silicon anodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, unsatisfied initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and structure collapse are two barriers still hindering their application. Here, we report a 5 at.%-vanadium hybriding strategy to stabilize Si film anode, which delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.1% with a discharge capacity of 2434.9 mAh·g−1 and a desirable capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at 1 A·g−1. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrate the LixPOyFz-rich inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the low film internal strain are two advantageous factors for the desirable Li-ion storage reversibility and stability. A full battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers the energy densities of 291.9 and 194.6 Wh·kg−1 under power densities of 145.9 and 389.2 W·kg−1, respectively. This result on Si anodes may pave the way to next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.",

keywords = "Si anode, hybriding, initial Coulombic efficiency, internal stress",

author = "Jiangpeng Shang and Siqi Ma and Longtao Zhang and Zhongqiu Tong and Jie Yu and Yingjun Xiao and Shaoyuan Li and Fengshuo Xi and Wenhui Ma",

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T1 - 5 at.%-vanadium hybriding enables silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency and low internal stress

AU - Shang, Jiangpeng

AU - Ma, Siqi

AU - Zhang, Longtao

AU - Tong, Zhongqiu

AU - Yu, Jie

AU - Xiao, Yingjun

AU - Li, Shaoyuan

AU - Xi, Fengshuo

AU - Ma, Wenhui

PY - 2026/2

Y1 - 2026/2

N2 - Silicon anodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, unsatisfied initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and structure collapse are two barriers still hindering their application. Here, we report a 5 at.%-vanadium hybriding strategy to stabilize Si film anode, which delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.1% with a discharge capacity of 2434.9 mAh·g−1 and a desirable capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at 1 A·g−1. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrate the LixPOyFz-rich inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the low film internal strain are two advantageous factors for the desirable Li-ion storage reversibility and stability. A full battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers the energy densities of 291.9 and 194.6 Wh·kg−1 under power densities of 145.9 and 389.2 W·kg−1, respectively. This result on Si anodes may pave the way to next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

AB - Silicon anodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, unsatisfied initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and structure collapse are two barriers still hindering their application. Here, we report a 5 at.%-vanadium hybriding strategy to stabilize Si film anode, which delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 92.1% with a discharge capacity of 2434.9 mAh·g−1 and a desirable capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at 1 A·g−1. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrate the LixPOyFz-rich inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the low film internal strain are two advantageous factors for the desirable Li-ion storage reversibility and stability. A full battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers the energy densities of 291.9 and 194.6 Wh·kg−1 under power densities of 145.9 and 389.2 W·kg−1, respectively. This result on Si anodes may pave the way to next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

KW - Si anode

KW - hybriding

KW - initial Coulombic efficiency

KW - internal stress

UR - https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001687022300023

U2 - 10.26599/NR.2025.94908310

DO - 10.26599/NR.2025.94908310

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 1998-0124

VL - 19

JO - Nano Research

JF - Nano Research

IS - 2

M1 - 94908310

ER -

5 at.%-vanadium hybriding enables silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency and low internal stress

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