33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

112 authors, including; Chad A. Mirkin; Bo Shen; Hua Zhang; Wei Zhu

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

112 authors, including, Chad A. Mirkin^*, Bo Shen, Hua Zhang, Wei Zhu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community. © Published 2025 by American Chemical Society.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	31933-31968
Number of pages	36
Journal	ACS Nano
Volume	19
Issue number	36
Online published	4 Sept 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12854
Publication status	Published - 16 Sept 2025

Funding

Support is acknowledged from the NSF (CHE-2304909, CHE-2347622, CHE-1808539, CHE-2004238, CHE-2153191, CHE-2404203, 2418613, 2108612, 2001606, DMR-1352328, DMR-2019444, DMR-2411680, DMR-2004899, DMR 2403955, DMR-2428112, ECCS-2025633), DOE (DE-SC0004752, DE-SC0023342, DE-SC0025488, DE-SC0025283), NIH (R00CA237861, F32GM153046, R01CA275430, R01EB022025, 1R01NS130836-01A1, RM1NS133003-01, R21NS132556-01, R35GM157326, 2R01HL139001, R01CA257926, U54DK137516), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, ID: 390919832), European Research Council (Synergy Grant #101166855), New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research (CSCR22ERG023, CSCR24IRG005), Alzheimer’s Association (AARG-NTF-21-847862), Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (OCRP, OC220235P1), AFOSR (FA9550-23-1-0210, FA-9550-22-1-0300), ARO (W911NF-23-2-0101, W911NF-23-1-0285, W911NF-25-2-0018), US Army (W911QY25P0006), Air Force (agreement FA8650-21-2-5028 through the support of Bioindustrial Manufacturing and Design Ecosystem (BioMADE), Toyota Research Institute, Inc., Edgar H. Bachrach through the Bachrach Family Foundation, Lefkofsky Family Foundation, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, The Hartwell Foundation, W. M. Keck Foundation, Challenge Initiative (UCLA), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award number 62288102), Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation, National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00397807, RS-2023-00274736), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), University of Toronto’s Acceleration Consortium from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF-2022-00042), UT Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, UT-Portugal Collaborative Research Program, Washington Research Foundation, 2025 Daejeon RISE Project (funded by the Ministry of Education and Daejeon Metropolitan City in the Republic of Korea), and Stanford Science Fellowship. Start-up funds from the University of Iowa, the University of Maryland College Park, Seoul National University, and Boston University are acknowledged. C.A.M. and C.J.M. are CZ Biohub Investigators. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for the DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This manuscript is the result of funding in whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is subject to the NIH Public Access Policy. Through acceptance of this federal funding, NIH has been given a right to make this manuscript publicly available in PubMed Central upon the Official Date of Publication, as defined by NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies or the United States Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon.

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title = "33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology",

abstract = "Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community. {\textcopyright} Published 2025 by American Chemical Society.",

author = "{112 authors, including} and Mirkin, {Chad A.} and Petrosko, {Sarah Hurst} and Natalie Artzi and Koray Aydin and Austin Biaggne and Brinker, {C. Jeffrey} and Bujold, {Katherine E.} and Cao, {Y. Charles} and Chan, {Rachel R.} and Chaojian Chen and Peng-Cheng Chen and Xiaodong Chen and Chevalier, {Olivier J. G. L.} and Choi, {Chung Hang Jonathan} and Crooks, {Richard M.} and Dravid, {Vinayak P.} and Du, {Jingshan S.} and Ebrahimi, {Sasha B.} and Hongyou Fan and Farha, {Omar K.} and Figg, {C. Adrian} and Fink, {Tanner D.} and Forsyth, {Connor M.} and Harald Fuchs and Geiger, {Franz M.} and Gianneschi, {Nathan C.} and Gibson, {Kyle J.} and Ginger, {David S.} and SiShi Guo and Hanes, {Justin S.} and Liangliang Hao and Jin Huang and Hunter, {Bryan M.} and Fengwei Huo and Jeongmin Hwang and Rongchao Jin and Kelley, {Shana O.} and Kempa, {Thomas J.} and Youngeun Kim and Sergej Kudruk and Sneha Kumari and Landy, {Kaitlin M.} and Ki-Bum Lee and Leon, {Noel J.} and Jun Li and Yuanwei Li and Zhiwei Li and Bin Liu and Bo Shen and Hua Zhang and Wei Zhu",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1021/acsnano.5c12854",

language = "English",

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AU - 112 authors, including

AU - Mirkin, Chad A.

AU - Petrosko, Sarah Hurst

AU - Artzi, Natalie

AU - Aydin, Koray

AU - Biaggne, Austin

AU - Brinker, C. Jeffrey

AU - Bujold, Katherine E.

AU - Cao, Y. Charles

AU - Chan, Rachel R.

AU - Chen, Chaojian

AU - Chen, Peng-Cheng

AU - Chen, Xiaodong

AU - Chevalier, Olivier J. G. L.

AU - Choi, Chung Hang Jonathan

AU - Crooks, Richard M.

AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.

AU - Du, Jingshan S.

AU - Ebrahimi, Sasha B.

AU - Fan, Hongyou

AU - Farha, Omar K.

AU - Figg, C. Adrian

AU - Fink, Tanner D.

AU - Forsyth, Connor M.

AU - Fuchs, Harald

AU - Geiger, Franz M.

AU - Gianneschi, Nathan C.

AU - Gibson, Kyle J.

AU - Ginger, David S.

AU - Guo, SiShi

AU - Hanes, Justin S.

AU - Hao, Liangliang

AU - Huang, Jin

AU - Hunter, Bryan M.

AU - Huo, Fengwei

AU - Hwang, Jeongmin

AU - Jin, Rongchao

AU - Kelley, Shana O.

AU - Kempa, Thomas J.

AU - Kim, Youngeun

AU - Kudruk, Sergej

AU - Kumari, Sneha

AU - Landy, Kaitlin M.

AU - Lee, Ki-Bum

AU - Leon, Noel J.

AU - Li, Jun

AU - Li, Yuanwei

AU - Li, Zhiwei

AU - Liu, Bin

AU - Shen, Bo

AU - Zhang, Hua

AU - Zhu, Wei

PY - 2025/9/16

Y1 - 2025/9/16

N2 - Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community. © Published 2025 by American Chemical Society.

AB - Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community. © Published 2025 by American Chemical Society.

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105016324827&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

DO - 10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

C2 - 40905551

SN - 1936-0851

VL - 19

SP - 31933

EP - 31968

JO - ACS Nano

JF - ACS Nano

IS - 36

ER -

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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