肼类燃料与四氧化二氮推进剂燃烧反应动力学机理研究进展

Hydrazine (N₂H₄), monomethylhydrazine (MMH, CH₃NHNH₂), and unsymmetrical dimethyl⁃hydrazine (UDMH, (CH₃)₂NNH₂) combined with nitrogen tetroxide (NTO, N₂O₄) form bipropellant systems are widely used in aerospace propulsion due to their excellent hypergolic properties. However, the combustion process of this system involves multi-stage reaction mechanisms including gas-phase, liquid-phase, and gas-liquid coupling, the fundamental principles of which have not yet been fully elucidated. Existing research has relatively systematically revealed the reaction pathways of N₂H₄ and MMH under both gas-phase and liquid-phase conditions, clarifying the formation and reaction rates of key intermediates (such as N₂H₃, NH₂NHNO₂, CH₂NH₂, etc.) in hydrogen abstraction and addition chain reactions. Nevertheless, studies on the mechanisms related to UDMH and the impact of its degradation products on combustion performance remain insufficient. This review summarizes major recent advances in theoretical calculations, experimental studies, and numerical simulations, compares the commonalities and differences in gas-phase and liquid-phase mechanisms across different systems, and points out that current models still have shortcomings in aspects such as the accuracy of rate constants, the characterization of interphase coupling mechanisms, and the applicability of simplified models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Future research needs to integrate high-precision experiments, quantum chemical calculations, and multi-scale modeling to develop multi-level kinetic models that balance accuracy and efficiency. © 2025 China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp. All rights reserved.