異化的四個階段: 馬克思異化思想的時間性考察

Alienation (Entfremdung; Entausserung) is one of the most important concept of Marx. Among the many discussions of alienation, despite of the various ways of dividing it into parts (aspects) for understanding convenience, few of them, however, have explained the "historical interrelations“ between these aspects. In addition, the theoretical aspect of "man's alienation from Nature” has often been neglected, which gives rise to the fail of recognition of the “developmental continuity” of Marx's concept of alienation. In this paper, I’ll take Fromm, Ollman, Roberts and Stephenson as four main examples to illuminate the importance of taking a historically developmental view on alienation. Finally, a new tentative methodology will be provided to understand the concept of alienation, which will hopefully resolve the contradictions revealed by the above mentioned writers.