「根本說一切有部律」研究史回顧──以成書年代為中心

Dharmagupta-vinaya has long been praised in Chinese Buddhism while Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya has long been neglected. On the contrary, since the 19^th century, western scholars have noticed the importance of Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya. They conducted detailed studies on the texts, compared the texts with other Indian codices, and referred to archaeological findings such as inscription on tablets, sculptures, temple ruins to investigate the hidden historical records. The history of Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya, thus, is claimed to be older than we expected, and this idea is of importance to the study on the organization of Buddhist monastery, rules and regulations of monk and nun in Ancient India. This essay introduces the study of Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya in the west, especially the viewpoints of Gregory Schopen, a scholar who came up with lots of non-traditional ideas. It is hoped that the essay can catch Chinese academic circle’s attention on Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya.