新中国成立七十年来的治理重心向农村基层下移及其发展思路

Rural grassroots governance is in the basic position of national governance. In 2017, the CPC Central Committee put forward a new idea of “the focus of social governance is shifting down to the grassroots level”. However, it needs to be further clarified why and how rural grassroots level should be governed. This paper outlines four stages in which the focus of governance has shifted downward to the rural grassroots level since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the past 70 years. The focus of rural governance has different focuses, ranging from ideological control and political mobilization of early centralization, control and domination in the mid-term formal decentralization to the transformation of the concept of cooperation and co-governance in the current decentralization, reflecting the adjustment of governance needs in different historical periods. Grass-roots governance has gradually shifted from regime building and maintaining regime stability to single governance based on social governance and monopoly of social resources to cooperative governance based on decentralization and inclusiveness. It has promoted recognition and consensus building in the management services involving multiple subjects, and jointly responded to various problems and challenges faced by grass-roots social development. At present, the downward shift of the focus of social governance in the context of the “new era” has put forward higher requirements for governments at all levels, Looking ahead, it is necessary to Strengthen the governance concept of “social governance governs economic and social development”, build a platform for undertaking rural grass-roots service resources and a management service coordinating organization, strengthen grass-roots governance capability, optimize the allocation of grass-roots government human and financial resources, consolidate grass-roots governance foundation, and form a modern governance pattern of “social governance society” in decentralized grass-roots society.