我国室外环境气源微/纳米塑料监测与分析技术: 现状、挑战与展望

To advance the understanding of airborne micro/nanoplastic (AMP/ANP) pollution in China and guide future research and governance efforts, this paper conducts a systematic review of methodologies for sampling, pretreatment, detection, and analysis of outdoor AMPs in China and its adjacent marine atmosphere. Current findings indicate that urban areas serve as significant sources of AMPs, with abundance levels exhibiting a gradient decline from cities to rural and remote regions. Furthermore, AMPs have been identified across diverse environmental media, primarily atmospheric suspended particulate matter and dry and wet deposition. However, methodological variations in sampling, pretreatment, and detection protocols lead to inconsistencies in reported data and abundance characterization. This study found that the sampling volume or area of individual samples can significantly affect the abundance results of airborne microplastics (p < 0.05), with lower sampling volumes or areas potentially leading to overestimated data. Moreover, research on ANP remains at an exploratory stage, yet their potential threats to human health cannot be overlooked. Future research should prioritize the standardization of AMP and ANP monitoring and analytical technologies to enhance methodological applicability, efficiency, and result comparability.