基于飞行阶段的精细化航空二氧化碳排放因子研究

Air transport is the fastest-growing sector for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the transportation field. In this study, typical aircrafts of super-large, large, medium, and small size were selected to calculate aviation CO₂ emission factors, based on the change of engine fuel consumption rate, time consumption and fuel consumption of different aircraft during take-off, climb out, cruise, approach and taxiing stages. Meanwhile, the per capita CO₂ emissions of passengers (CO₂ emission factor per passenger turnover) on different aircraft were evaluated according to the CO₂ emission characteristics, rated passenger capacity and passenger load of different aircraft. The results showed that the average CO₂ emission factors of super-large, large, medium, and small size aircraft within their maximum mileage are 49.8, 31.7, 16.2 and 8.5 kg CO₂/km, respectively, and the average CO₂ emission factors per passenger turnover are 102.6, 95.2, 81.7 and 112.4 g CO₂/(person·km). Because the engine fuel consumption rate during take-off and climb out is about 2.6-3.4 times and 2.0-2.8 times of the cruise fuel consumption rate, the aviation CO₂ emission factor decreases with the flight mileage increase. Air transport is a high carbon emission passenger transport mode, and its per capita CO₂ emissions is significantly higher than that of high-speed railway and on-road motor vehicles under the same mileage. It is an effective way to reduce aviation CO₂ emissions by improving engine fuel efficiency, reducing short-distance transport, improving the passenger loads and reducing midway transfers.