城市女性居民的社會資本對政治參與影響的實證分析

Based on the China general social survey conducted in 2005, this article takes 2849 urban female residents as samples, and then utilizes related theory to depict urban female residents’ basic conditions of social capital and political participation. Moreover, multiple regression method is adopted to thoroughly explore the impact and mechanism of social capital as well as political involvement on female group.The analysis indicates that: Firstly, the stock of social capital of urban female residents is relatively insufficient. With regard to social trust, their degrees of trust in societal interaction decrease progressively according to emotional closeness. As for mutually-beneficial norms, despite the fact that respondents claim they are familiar with the neighbourhood, it is still inadequate with mutual actions in their daily life. In terms of mass-organizational participation, it shows fewer kinds of involvement and low interaction frequency. Moreover, regarding political participation, a relatively low level can be seen within the female group, whether in the high-institutionalized way like voting, or in the high-active way such as demonstration and petition. Particularly, a significant percentage of respondents show an indifferent political attitude.Furthermore, the writer extracts several factors from multiple variables which correspond to the social capital and political participation of urban female dwellers, with the method of factor analysis. Accordingly, social capital includes acquaintance-trusting factor, friend-trusting factor, stranger-trusting factor, neighbourhood-mutually-beneficial factor, objective-community factor, interest-community factor, and religion-community factor.Finally, on the premise of controlling over the individual-characteristic variables, the multiple regression model indicates that the factors which have significant positive effect on institutional political participation are friend-trusting factor, neighbourhood-mutually-beneficial factor, objective-community factor, and interest-community factor in terms of social capital within female citizens; the factor which exerts an obvious negative influence on institutional participation is stranger-trusting factor; the factors which present significant positive effect on active political participation are objective-community factor, and religion-community factor; the factors which play noticeable negative role in active political participation are acquaintance-trusting factor and neighbourhood-mutually-beneficial one.