南水北调工程河南省受水区生态安全评价

To assess the impact of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (Middle Route) on the local ecological environment, this study summarizes the evolution of ecological security research along with relevant theories and methods. Eight cities in Henan Province, through which the project flows, were chosen as the research area. Employing methods such as the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, entropy weight method, and standard deviation ellipse model, the study examines the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of ecological security levels in the research area for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. The findings reveal that from 2010 to 2020, the comprehensive ecological security index in the research area significantly increased, with the average value rising from 0.37 in 2010 to 0.56 in 2020, indicating a gradual enhancement in regional ecological security conditions. Overall, the ecological security status in the research area has improved, although there are discrepancies in regional development. The ecological security pattern is characterized by “generally higher in the north and south, lower in the middle, with distinct features in individual cities”. The factors influencing ecological security differ among various cities; for example, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste and energy consumption per ten thousand yuan of GDP significantly affect regional ecological security assessment, while indicators such as grain yield per unit area have a lesser impact. The ecological security distribution pattern in the research area exhibits a “northeast-southwest” orientation, with the spatial distribution pattern becoming increasingly pronounced after the project's completion, and the spatial distribution range continuously converging.