中国灾害治理的转型: 以国家的作用为中心

The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformation of disaster governance in China. Focusing on China's crisis management system with the Wenchuan earthquake (2008) as a case study, we question whether China's disaster management system has changed from traditional state-led governance to a "reverse image," which stands for a top-down approach. Our study first illustrates how China politically responded to and managed the Wenchuan earthquake (2008) and illuminates changes in disaster governance, including its social ideology and emergency management. The following is a summary of how disaster governance in China has evolved by putting in place human security. First, disaster governance in China has undergone significant changes in legal institutionalization and crisis management organization since the Wenchuan earthquake (2008), emphasizing the active construction of emergency response systems. Preliminary risk assessment, crisis warning, and emergency stockpiling began to emphasize the application of big data, artificial intelligence(AI),and blockchain, as well as the multidimensional participation of government, market, and society; emergency response gradually began to operate as a cooperative response system of multidimensional actors, focusing on differences among regions, and the post-disaster responsibility has also gradually changed to an ex-ante system, with the government, market, and society. Second, Chinese-style disaster management and human security (以人为 本) policy can be represented as a traditional government (state)-led system in its operation. However, the Wenchuan earthquake (2008) triggered a shift to "reverse-image," and human-centered governance has become prominent in the form of "social participatory."

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